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functools
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functools.cache
A decorator that caches a function's return value each time it is called. If called later with the same arguments, the cached value is returned, and not re-evaluated.
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functools.reduce(function, sequence, initial=...)
Apply a function of two arguments cumulatively to the items of a sequence, from left to right, so as to reduce the sequence to a single value. For example, functools.reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
calculates ((((1+2)+3)+4)+5)
. The left argument, x
, is the accumulated value and the right argument, y
, is the update value from the sequence. If the optional initial
is present, it is placed before the items of the sequence in the calculation, and serves as a default when the sequence is empty.
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functools.partial(f, *args, **kwargs)
Return a new partial object which when called will behave like f
called with the positional arguments args
and keyword arguments kwargs
. If more arguments are supplied to the call, they are appended to args
. If additional keyword arguments are supplied, they extend and override kwargs
.